• Retail: DIY retailer Home Depot announced investment of US$115 million in Mexico in the current year, principally for the opening of five new stores.  The leader in its segment in Mexico, Home Depot projects 85 retail locations in operation by the end of 2010.
• Environmental:  The North American Development Bank (NADBank) has ramped up its financing of environmental and other infrastructural projects in Mexico’s northern border zone over the past three years, local media report.  Projects in Mexico financed by the bank during this period include 32 water treatment plants, 50 drainage and potable water systems and 12 solid waste landfills.
• Telecommunications: Telecom service provider Nextel projects investing up to US$1.5 billion in the construction of new network infrastructure.  Nextel recently won a nationwide spectrum auction in Mexico in partnership with television broadcast giant Televisa.
• Aerospace: U.S.-based aircraft manufacturer Hawker Beechcraft is currently constructing a new production plant in the northern city of Chihuahua.  The US$108 million facility, set to produce aircraft assemblies and subassemblies, will become the company’s second manufacturing plant in Chihuahua, further bolstering Mexico’s robust aerospace sector.
• Automotive: General Motors de Mexico announced projected investment of US$500 million in the northern state of Coahuila to produce a new generation of eight-cylinder motors as well as a new vehicle platform.  Projects supported by the new investment are planned to begin this year with actual production set for 2011.
• Franchising: Fast-food chain Burger King announced 2010 investment of approximately US$15 million in order to open 20 new restaurants in Mexico.  The chain’s Mexico expansion also will include doubling the number of “dessert kiosks” from 18 to 36.
• Automotive:  Automaker Volkswagen announced new planned investments of up to US$1 billion over the next three years in its Mexico operations.  Projects under the program include modernization of the Puebla plant to produce the next generation Beetle and construction of a new plant to produce a new generation of motors for Mexico and U.S. auto production.
• Energy: Mitsui Power America, affiliate of Japanese multinational Mitsui, announced projected investment of up to US$2.5 billion in Mexico over the next five years.  The company recently acquired five electricity generating plants in the country and plans further expansion in the energy sector.
• Automotive: Nissan Mexicana plans to invest US$600 million to begin producing two additional auto models at the company’s Aguascalientes plant in 2011 and 2012.  Mexico was chosen over various Asian countries considered for the production of the new versions of Nissan’s March model.
• Food Processing: Mexican dairy processor Lechera Guadalajara opened the country’s second largest milk dehydrating plant, following investment of approximately US$10 million.  The company is also currently building an additional plant to produce cheese and candy.
• Energy: The western sate of Jalisco will get its first wind energy park by the end of 2011, currently in development by Eoliatec de Mexico.  The US$100 million facility is projected to have a total capacity of 60MW, which will be supplied to the Federal Electricity Commission (CFE).
• Real Estate: AMResorts announced plans to build two luxury hotels in Puerta Vallarta through investment of a projected US$150 million.  The project is hoped to help reactivate long sluggish hotel development in the area.
• Paper: Mexican paper and packaging materials manufacturer Bio-PAPPEL will invest approximately US$250 million over the next four years to build five new production plants.  Formerly known as Corporación Durango (Codusa), the firm plans to incorporate electricity generating plants into each of its new production facilities.
• Infrastructure: The Mexican government is projecting private sector investment in infrastructure development of up to US$34 billion between 2010 – 2012.  The largest share of the investment is expected to be in telecommunications, with roads, ports, water management and airports receiving significant capital as well.

No can do

On August 18, 2010, the Mexican government published an updated list of U.S. products on which import duties will be applied, beginning August 19, 2010.  The duties were originally introduced in March 2009 in retaliation for the U.S. Congress’ termination of a pilot program allowing Mexican freight trucks to cross the border to complete deliveries in the United States.  Cross-border trucking, including the circulation of Mexican trucks in the United States, was intended to be implemented under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), but is currently blocked by the United States.

The original list of 89 products affected by the Mexican duties has now been expanded to 99, by the addition of 26 items and removal of 16.  The current list includes key agricultural products in addition to processed foods, household goods and personal care items, among others.  Import duties under the scheme range from 5% to 25%.

Since the original retaliatory tariffs were implemented in 2009, the Obama administration has huffed and puffed unconvincingly about finding a solution to the trucking dispute.  As recently as last month, U.S. Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood said that the administration was “closer than soon” (sic) to presenting a proposal to resolve the standoff.  So far nothing has been presented, as apparently the Teamsters union is unwilling to grant the President of the United States permission to comply with the negotiated terms of NAFTA.

We imagine the current situation delights Mexican President Felipe Calderón, as it gives him an opportunity to score points on two fronts at once.  On one hand, Mexico is taking advantage of a rare opportunity to use NAFTA to punish the United States, which customarily pulls Mexico around by the hair in trade disputes.  And at home, the new duties on pork and apples throw a bone to domestic producers of these products, who seem to spend far more time sobbing uncontrollably in the media over the influx of U.S. imports than they do producing pork and apples.

Our take: U.S. exporters are being held hostage by the Teamsters union.  Considering the Democrats’ fears of being flayed in the November Congressional elections, it appears highly unlikely that any action will be taken to resolve the issue in the foreseeable future.   Which is ironic, considering President Obama’s fervent entreaties to America to increase exports under his National Export Initiative.

Selected products on the current duty list include:

Source: Diario Oficial de la Federación, Secretaría de Gobernación

NOTE: Product descriptions, HTS numbers and duties are cited here unofficially for general reference only, please consult appropriate government documents for official information.

• Water treatment:  Mexican sugar producer Grupo Azucarero México (GAM) revealed it will begin construction next month on a new waste water treatment plant.  GAM has invested US$35 million over the past four years in automation process technology, as well as a system for generating electricity through steam produced by burning cane bagasse.
• Logistics: Guanajuato’s Guanajuato Interior Port multimodal logistics center will enter a new phase of expansion in the coming months.  Approximately US$55 million in new investment will be carried out to expand existing infrastructure at the site, which includes Customs facilities, a free zone, ground and air cargo handling services, industrial yards and related operations.
• Automotive: German engine components maker Getrag Transmissions Manufacturing inaugurated a new production plant in the central city of Guanajuato.  The US$500 million facility will manufacture transmissions for the Ford Fiesta line being built at Ford’s Cuautitlan Izcalli plant outside Mexico City.
• Manufacturing: French digital media manufacturer Technicolor will begin making 3D Blu-ray discs for Warner Brothers at its Guadalajara plant this year.  The company is investing US$11.4 million in the plant to boost production capacity.
• Green building: Mexican developer Homex announced plans to develop four new housing complexes in north western Mexico based on the concept of Integrated Sustainable Urban Developments.  The first of these complexes will require investment of US$27 million and all will incorporate green building technologies.    
• Real estate development: Cancun’s new mega convention center Cancun Messe, currently under construction, plans to open to the public to host the Latin American Food Show in September.  The expo center, which seeks to become the largest in Latin America, will have cost a projected US$270 million once complete.
• Aerospace: Bell Helicopter inaugurated a new manufacturing plant in the northern city of Chihuahua this month.  The plant will produce parts for Bell’s model 429 helicopter.
• Water treatment: Leading tequila producer Herradura inaugurated a new US$6.5 million water treatment plant at its production facility in Amatitan, Jalisco.  Herradura also announced additional investment of US$5 million to expand production capacity at the plant.
• Electronics: IT and electronics giant IBM recently invested US$20 million in its manufacturing plant at El Salto, Jalisco, to support production of data storage equipment for export.  The company reiterated its commitment to maintain and expand its Mexico operations.
• Rail freight: Railrod operator Kansas City Southern de Mexico announced plans to invest US$80 million to develop a freight terminal in the western state of Michoacan.  The terminal is intended to serve freight coming through the port of Lazaro Cardenas on Michoacan’s Pacific coast.
• Entertainment: Cinema operator Cinemex will invest US$9 million to develop a luxury movie theater complex in a large upscale shopping center currently under construction in the south eastern state of Tabasco.  The site will include VIP and 3D facilities.
• Aerospace: Canadian aerospace giant Bombardier announced plans to add five new plants to its existing manufacturing infrastructure in Mexico, via investment of US$300 million.  A stalwart of Mexico’s thriving aerospace industry, Bombardier advised it is considering investing a further US$100 million to increase its rail equipment manufacturing capacity in Mexico.

In the not-too-distant past, such an outcome on election day would primarily be cause for anger, frustration and concern.  But, as a great thinker once said, that was then and this is now.  Realistically speaking, many of us feared the elections would be the target of attacks by the drug cartels, particularly in the wake of last week’s murder of the front-running candidate for governor in the border state of Tamaulipas.  But when we crawled out of our hiding places this morning, we were greeted mostly with tales of corruption and gangstery old-school politics.  Just like the bad old days, which are actually starting to look kind of good by comparison.

The strong showing by the PRI is seen in some quarters as an ominous foreshadowing of return to the single-party domination and strong-arm tactics of yesteryear.  Certainly the reports of extreme electoral monkey business in Hidalgo and Veracruz suggest the PRI hasn’t forgotton how to throw a good old fashioned Mexican election.  Initial returns, however, indicate that the PRI actually lost the governorships of the states of Oaxaca, Puebla and Sinaloa, which are known for many nice things but seriously people pristine electoral democracy is not one of them.  Perhaps most promising, voter turnout in a good number of states was over 50%, according to published figures.  Even turnout in Tamaulipas approached 40%, which isn’t bad considering we’re on the verge of changing the state motto to “Hail of gunfire.”  So in light of widespread concerns about catching the “bullet flu” at the polls yesterday, on balance Mexicans should be commended for exercising their political rights.  Hopefully, the incoming governors, mayors and state legislators will show a similar commitment to democracy.  Hopefully.

Put me in coach

In the run-up to this weekend’s G20 meeting in Huntsville, Ontario, much ink has been spilled regarding the value of the Chinese currency.  Economists, pundits and observers of all stripes have taken positions on various sides regarding the question of how much and how fast the yuan (or Renminbi, if you prefer) needs to appreciate against other major currencies.  And, of course, how willing Chinese authorities are to allow this to happen.

Hypothetical scenarios projected in some circles of a rapid appreciation of 40% have China’s export competitors salivating.  Basic trade theory holds that by hiking the value of the yuan, Chinese exports become more expensive, making competing products made in countries such as Mexico that much more cost competitive.  Gaining ground of this type is seen as critical in the hotly disputed U.S. market for goods such as appliances and electronics.  Trade data for 2009 suggests that Mexico is already gaining some overall market share from China in the United States, and we have touched on the relative cost competitiveness between Mexico and China in this space before.

Mexican observers were quick to imagine their Christmas stockings filling up with export gains as the international media flooded with projections of a dearer yuan.  A recent report in Reforma cited an academic pundit in ticking off the potential benefits to Mexico: Increased exports to the United States, a rise in world oil prices, and even a possible bump in Chinese tourism to Mexico.  Much like Mexico’s hopes of defeating Argentina in the upcoming World Cup knockout match, however, a lot of unlikely things would really have to go right for this to work out.  The yuan itself, when ostensibly released from its dollar-pegged bondage by Chinese banking authorities last week, mostly behaved like a squirrel in the middle of the road: it moved hesitantly back and forth with no clear direction as the traffic of the G20 summit loomed.

Early feedback from G20 countries on China’s claims of a free-floating yuan reflects a good measure of skepticism about the true intentions of the Asian giant with regard to their currency.  As always, only time will tell what the outcome will be.  But if there is any significant appreciation of the yuan at all over the next year, it will be more than welcome in Mexico.  As would a dignified showing against Argentina, even if our fantasies of a stunning victory, or a 40% increase in manufacturing exports, go unfulfilled in the end.

• Real Estate:  Mexican real estate developer Marhnos announced plans to build up to five office towers in Mexico City over the next five years.  The company is projecting investment of approximately US$1.5 billion in the projects, which will be carried out in alliance with New York-based developers Turner International.
• Apparel: Sports apparel and footwear maker Grupo Charly is manufacturing in Mexico again after an absence of six years.  The  Mexican company offshored the last of its domestic production to Asia in 2004, but began to move some manufacturing back home last year to improve delivery times.  They project ramping up Mexico production to 600,000 pairs of sports shoes over the next three years.
• Automotive: Nissan Mexicana has reported plans to invest US$600 million at its plant in Aguascalientes, Mexico, to manufacture a new model car.  The auto maker plans to build 50,000 units annually of the new model, which will include 75% components from domestic suppliers.
• IT: Mexico’s top telco Telmex announced it will significantly expand its Triara Data Center over the coming two years.  The US$100 million facility provides integrated hosting services, data storage, backup and connectivity solutions to domestic and international corporate clients as well as government agencies.
• Automotive: U.S. truck maker Navistar announced its Mexican subsidiary Navistar Mexico will increase production by 50% by the end of the current year.  The company’s US$250 million facility in Escobedo, Nuevo Leon is the largest truck and bus chassis manufacturing plant in Latin America.
• Poultry: U.S. poultry giant Tyson opened a new animal oil and protein processing plant in the state of Durango.  The US$1 million dollar facility is part of a projected US$16 million in investment in the company’s Mexico agriculture and food operations this year.
• Software: Indian IT consultants Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) announced plans to open a third software development center in the state of Jalisco.  Tata, which also operates offices in Mexico City, two software development centers in Guadalajara and one in Queretaro, is a key player in Jalisco’s burgeoning software industry.
• Logistics: Work is underway on major expansions at the port of Veracruz, Mexico’s key container terminal on the Gulf of Mexico.  The expansions will include a logistics center to the north of the port, improving accessibility, and new rail connections.
• Retail: Mexico’s leading retailers will invest approximately US$1.5 billion this year in new store openings and upgrades, according to the ANTAD retailers’ association.  Department stores Liverpool and Palacio de Hierro, convenience chain Oxxo and others announced plans to return to expansion this year after mostly suspending growth during recession-plagued 2009.
• Steel: Mexico’s national steel producers association Canacero announced projected investment in the sector of up to US$10 billion over the next five years.  A boost in production is planned to meet recovering demand on the world market anticipated to begin next year.
• Tourism: Resort operator Sunset World announced plans to invest US$26 million in remodeling and expansion of existing locations in the Riviera Maya area.  The company also reportedly intends to make additional investments to construct a large “eco-luxury” hotel in the same area.
• Lighting: Indian lighting products giant Havells plans to invest US$100 million to build or purchase a manufacturing plant in Mexico.  The company already produces lighting ballasts at a plant in the border city of Matamoros, Mexico.
• Tourism: Singapore-based resort developer Banyan Tree revealed plans to build two new locations in Mexico with investment of over US$200 million.  The company’s proposed plans include development of a luxury location in the Guadalupe Valley, Mexico’s leading wine producing region.

Read the fine print

Here’s one that, we confess, took us by surprise: in a recent study of tax attractiveness for business, when the final numbers were in, Mexico came in at a whopping…wait a moment…(removes glasses, rubs eyes, puts glasses back on)…number one??!!

Well, we are beaming, we must say.  It’s not that we feel Mexico is not tax competitive – it’s just that, well, we’re still a little grumpy after filing our own Mexican corporate and personal taxes earlier this year.  But in KPMG’s Competitive Alternatives 2010 Special Report: Focus on Tax, Mexico is ranked number one, with the lowest Total Tax Index (TTI) based on a study of 95 cities in 10 countries.   The three major tax components under analysis in the report are corporate income tax, other corporate taxes, and statutory labor costs.  Tax systems vary widely from country to country, of course, and the overall tax burden on businesses can vary significantly by industry within a country.  Any attempt to boil down the corporate tax environment to a single index score will be complex, and KPMG addresses the challenges to such an undertaking in detail in their report.  Nonetheless, at least in this document, we are number one, and we must say we are well chuffed.  Now, if we can only keep the momentum going into the World Cup…

For a look at KPMG’s full report, go here.

• Beverage:  Mexican beverage giant and retailer FEMSA announced plans for US$750 worth of investment this year.  The lion’s share of the funds will go toward upgrades and expansions of bottling plants, while the remainder will support the company’s Oxxo chain of convenience stores.
• Automotive:  Chinese autoparts maker Minth opened a manufacturing plant in the northern state of Aguascalientes.  The plant, representing a total investment of US$16 million, is planned to supply molding and interior components to Nissan, Ford, Chrysler and Fiat plants in Mexico.
• Mining: Mining companies operating in Mexico will invest a combined US$13.8 billion through 2012, according to the Mexican Mining Chamber (Camimex).  The chamber projected that expansions and upgrades of operations in mining zones will contribute toward improvements in roads, electrification, potable water and other basic infrastructure in the areas.
• Automotive: Industry sources reported that Chrysler and Fiat plan to jointly produce a new model of SUV at the companies’ plant in Toluca, State of Mexico.  The model would join two other new compact models reported planned by Fiat for production at the Toluca plant.
• Automotive: German autoparts manufacturer Continental projected it will invest US$10 – 12 million this year, principally in equipment and software.  Continental is anticipating sales growth of 20% in 2010 as the automotive industry recovers from last year’s downturn.
• Electronics: Chipmaker Intel announced investment plans in the area of US$200 million over the next three years in support of its Guadalajara operations.  Planned projects include expansion of the company’s Design Center, the creation of a children’s technology museum and a center to promote relationships with small and medium sized Mexican firms.
• Renewable energy: The Inter-American Development Bank announced financing for four new wind farms for the generation of electricity to begun in 2012.  Total investment in the projects is projected at US$5 billion.

Be the first on your block

Mexico’s progress in making greater use of renewable energy sources has long been shackled by regulatory restrictions on independent energy generation by private enterprises and citizens.  This, of course, has much to do with the histrionics of political sectors that oppose energy reform for reasons wholly unrelated to energy, but that’s another topic.  It’s a fundamental problem of, as we say in Mexico, “ni picha, ni cacha, ni deja batear.”  The resources of the Federal Electricity Commission (CFE) are far too stretched to finance a wide range of innovative alternative generation projects, particularly at the micro level, but regulation has largely prevented anyone else from generating electricity, even for their own consumption.  Some furtive steps toward modernization of the regulatory framework fortunately have been taken in recent years.  One such step, introduced almost surreptitiously in 2007, was the Interconnection Contract for Small-Scale Solar Energy Sources, which permitted private generation of up to 10kw for residential use and 30kw for general low tension use.  Although the practical impact of this regulatory innovation was virtually nonexistent, it is significant nonetheless in that it represents Mexico’s first toe-dip in the waters of net metering for private electricity generation.  Now, however, the government has taken another important step forward toward clearing the way for wider use of net metering for private electricity generation.

The Official Gazette (Diario Oficial de la Federación) published on April 8 a new Interconnection Contract for Renewable Energy Sources following its submission by the Energy Regulatory Commission (CRE).  The new contract, which supplants the Interconnection Contract for Small-Scale Solar Energy Sources, represents two important advances: 1) it expands the parameters of allowable independent electricity generation by allowing residential users and small businesses to produce higher volumes of electricity than under the previous net-metering mechanism; and 2) it allows for net-metered independent generation using “renewable sources” of energy rather than limiting the scheme to small scale solar generation.  The new contract also details the methods and procedure for billing and crediting deficits or surpluses once consumption and generation are accounted for.

Expanding the permissible generation methods to include wind, hydro, tidal and other alternative energy sources removes an important constraint from non-governmental energy development.  The step also should help to raise awareness of opportunities for net metering and independent power generation in general in the country, which heretofore has been low, to say the least.   A high profile, friendly promotion campaign to spread awareness and demystify independent generation would be welcome, but we’re not asking for miracles.  For now, the efforts of environmental groups, specialized equipment dealers and early adopters will have to suffice.  But at least we’re moving forward.

For anyone interested in examining the new contract, the details are published here.